شناسایی عوامل فردی موثر بر شایستگی تحمل ابهام با رویکرد تحلیل مضمون؛ گامی در جهت توسعه رهبران
محورهای موضوعی : شایستگی های مورد نیاز رهبران منابع انسانی
وجیهه سعادت
1
(مدیریت دولتی، گزایش مدیریت رفتار سازمانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
بهروز قلیچ‌لی
2
(گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ايران)
علی رضائیان
3
(گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ايران)
غلامعلی طبرسا
4
(گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ايران)
کلید واژه: ابهام, تحمل ابهام, عوامل فردی, شایستگی, رهبری,
چکیده مقاله :
از تحمل ابهام به عنوان یکی از شایستگی های استراتژیک رهبران یاد می شود که در اثربخشی تصمیمات آنان در شرایط ابهام، نقش چشمگیری دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل فردی موثر بر تحمل ابهام رهبران، طراحی الگوی جامعی از این عوامل و ارائه راهکارهایی در جهت توسعه این شایستگی بر مبنای عوامل شناسایی شده صورت گرفته است. به منظور دستیابی به شواهد بیشتر برای درک پدیده، با رویکرد کیفی عمل و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه با نوزده نفر از خبرگان گردآوری گردید. جامعه آماری این پژوهش عبارتند از خبرگان دانشگاهی و خبرگان اجرایی وزارت نفت که تجربه مدیریت و تصمیم گیری در شرایط ابهام را دارند. نمونه گیری این پژوهش هدفمند انجام شده است. برای کد گذاری از روش آتراید استرلینگ و برای تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل شبکه مضامین استفاده شده است. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها، عوامل فردی موثر بر تحمل ابهام رهبران در شش مضمون فراگیر ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی، ویژگی های شخصیتی، شایستگی ها، انگیزه ها و نیازها، ادراکات و عواطف دسته بندی شدند. یافته های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی شامل ویژگی های عمومی و شغلی، ویژگی های شخصیتی شامل برونگرایی، مسئولیت پذیری، سازگاری، گشودگی نسبت به تجربه، ثبات عاطفی، شهودی بودن، مرکز کنترل، مخاطره-پذیری و صبر، شایستگی ها شامل دانش، مهارت، توانایی و تجربه، انگیزه ها و نیازها شامل احترام و خودشکوفایی، ادراکات شامل ادراکات نسبت به ابهام، نسبت به شغل، نسبت به سازمان و نسبت به زندگی و عواطف شامل عواطف در مواجهه با ابهام و عواطف کلی به عنوان عوامل فردی در تعامل با یکدیگر در سطح تحمل ابهام رهبران موثرند و می توان از آنها برای توسعه این شایستگی رهبری بهره برد.
Ambiguity Tolerance is mentioned as one of the strategic leaders’ competencies that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous situations.The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance, design a comprehensive model of these factors and provide solutions to develop this competency on identified factors. In order to obtain more evidence to understand the phenomenon, a qualitative approach was taken and data were collected through interviews with nineteen experts. The statistical population of study includes academic experts and executive experts of the Ministry of Petroleum who have experience in management and decision¬¬ making in ambiguous situations. Sampling of research has been done purposefully. Attride stirling method was used for coding and Themes network analysis method for data analysis. After analyzing the data, the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into six comprehensive themes : demographic characteristics, personality traits, competencies, motivations and needs, perceptions and emotions. Findings showed that demographic characteristics including general and occupational characteristics, personality traits including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, emotional stability, being intuitive, locus of control, risk-taking and patience, competencies including knowledge, skills, abilities and experience, motivations and needs including respect and self-fulfillment, perceptions including perceptions of ambiguity, job, organization and life and emotions including emotions in the face of ambiguity and general emotions as individual factors interacting with each other are effective at the level of leaders' ambiguity tolerance and can use them to develop this leadership competency.
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