شناسایی ویژگی ها و مهارت های معلم کارآفرین با رویکرد فراترکیب
محورهای موضوعی :
زهرا سایه وند
1
(گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
فرنوش اعلامي
2
(دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ، تهران، ایران)
سارا سليمي نمين
3
(مدیر مدرسه آب و آینه)
محمود ابوالقاسمی
4
(دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ، ایران)
کلید واژه: معلم کارآفرین (نوآفرین), معلمی و تخصص حرفه ای, تلاش‌ها و رفتارهای کارآفرینانه, رهبری, ویژگی‌های شخصی,
چکیده مقاله :
معلم‌کارآفرینی طی دهه گذشته توجه زیادی را در سطح جهانی به خود معطوف داشته است و چگونگی ترکیب حرفه معلمی و کارآفرینی مبهم است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی ویژگی و مهارت های معلم‌کارآفرینان است. به منظور تحقق این هدف با استفاده از روش فراترکیب به بررسی منظم و سیستماتیک ادبیات این موضوع پرداخته و به شیوه تماتیک ترکیبی تجزیه و تحلیل منابع مطالعاتی صورت گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش در چهار بعد ویژگی های شخصی با 8 تم، رفتارهای کارآفرینانه 11 تم، تخصص معلمی 5 تم و رهبری10 تم تفکیک شده است. در بعد ویژگی شخصی معلم‌کارآفرینان افراد دارای خلاقیت، دانش، یادگیرندگی، پایداری و استقامت، فعال، همدل، دارای تعهد و مسئولیت نسبت به جامعه و انگیزه اجتماعی شناخته می شوند. معلمان کارآفرینان تلاش های و رفتار های کارآفرینانه چون نوآوری مستمر و خلق ارزش های آموزشی، حل مسئله (شناسایی فرصت ها)، ریسک پذیری، مهارت شبکه سازی و کسب و کار، جذب یادگیرنده/ مخاطب، جذب سرمایه و منابع، و داشتن رویا مشترک و به دنبال آن ایجاد مشترک را از خود نشان می دهند. معلم‌کارآفرینان به عنوان متخصصان تدریسی در نظر گرفته می شوند که در یک یا چند مولفه تدریس چون روش تدریس نوآورانه، شیوه ارزیابی، مدیریت کلاس سرآمد است. آنها چون رهبران آموزشی دانش آموزان و همکاران و سیاست های آموزشی را تحت تاثیر می گذارند، اجتماعات یادگیری حرفه ای با رویکرد ارشادگری متقابل راه اندازی می کنند، راهبری تیم نوآوری را برعهده می گیرند و چشم انداز های تازه ای از آموزش و یادگیری را شکل می دهد. نتایج این پژوهش می تواند مبنایی برای کارهای علمی جدید در این حوزه باشد و فرآیند حمایت از معلم‌کارآفرینان فعلی را تسهیل و زمینه توسعه معلم‌کارآفرینان جدید را فراهم کند.
The teacherpreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decades; however, the concept remains understudied, and the way the teaching profession and entrepreneurship are combine, is unclear. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify the traits and skills and entrepreneurial actions of teacherpreneurs through a systematic literature review of current scholarly work on the topic as well as hybrid thematic analysis of study sources. The results of the study provide traits and actions that are commonly attributed to teacherpreneurs. The results are categorized into four dimensions of personal traits with 8 themes, entrepreneurial actions with 11 themes, teachership with 5 themes, and leadership with 10 themes. Teacherpreneurs are creative, knowledgeable, learner, resistant, active, empathic, moral role models, with commitment and responsibility and social motivation. Teacherpreneurs show also entrepreneurial traits and actions such as ongoing innovation and educational value creation, problem solving, risk-taking, networking, learner/audience understanding, providing resources, creating a common dream, and then creating a common creation. Teacherpreneurs are teaching experts who excel in one or more teaching components such as innovative teaching methods, assessment methods, and classroom management. They also set up professional learning communities with a reciprocal mentoring approach, lead an innovation team and explore new perspectives on teaching and learning as the educational leaders. The results of this research can be a basis for new research and can facilitate the development process of the teacherpreneurship.
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