خاستگاه‌هاي كسب شایستگی‌های حرفه‌اي معلمان ؛ تبيين مدل یادگیری غیررسمی
محورهای موضوعی : الگوهای تدوین برنامه های توسعه فردیحسن رضا زین آبادی 1 , علیرضا ستاردباغی 2 * , حسین عباسیان 3 , بیژن عبدالهی 4
1 - دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 - دانشگاه خوارزمی
3 - گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
کلید واژه: آموزش غیر رسمی یادگیری یادگیری غیررسمی معلمان,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه همه جانبه تعلیم و تربیت در هر کشوری در گرو معلمان حرفه‌ای است ؛ یکی از روش‌های مؤثر در پرورش حرفه‌ای معلمان بهره‌گیری ایشان از یادگیری‌های غیررسمی است. هدف اصلی از انجام این تحقیق شناسایی و اولویت بندی روش‌های یادگیری غیررسمی معلمان مدارس متوسطه است . پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف ، اکتشافی و از نظر ماهیت موضوعی ، کاربردی – توسعه ای و یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است . در این پژوهش از رويكرد ترکیبی استفاده گردید. در بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش اكتشافي ضمن کدگذاری باز و محوری به شناسایی روش‌ها و شیوه یادگیری غیررسمی و در بخش کمّی نیز با استفاده از روش پیمایش به شناخت وضعیت موجود شيوه‌هاي يادگيري غيررسمي معلمان پرداخته شد . در این تحقیق برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی از ابزار مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با نمونه گیری هدفمند(گلوله برفي) و از روش بازآزمون و توافق درون‌موضوعی برای محاسبه پایایی مصاحبه های انجام گرفته و در بخش کمی برای اطمینان از پایایی پرسشنامه ، از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده گردید که مقدار آن 0.90 به دست آمد . 349 معلم به عنوان حجم نمونه به روش تصادفي‌خوشه‌اي‌چند‌مرحله‌اي و با استفاده از فرمول تعيين حجم‌کوکران از جـامعه آماری(3724 نفر) برآورد شد . بر اساس یافته های پژوهش 16 روش كسب شايستگي‌ها ، شناسایی که در قالب 5 طبقه تقسیم بندی گردید که عبارتند از : مباحثه با دیگران ( شامل مؤلفه‌های استنباط از اظهار‌دیگران- يادگيري از طريق بحث‌ها‌و‌گفتگو- پیام‌های کلامی غیررسمی ) ، تعامل با همتايان ( شامل مؤلفه‌های پروژه‌های‌گروهی- فعالیت با دیگران- تسهیم تجارب- طوفان فکری ) ، رفتار( شامل مؤلفه‌های تقلید از دیگران- استنباط از رفتار دیگران- رفتار غیر بیانی تحسین برانگیز- رفتار غیر بیانی الزام آور ) ، فضای مجازی( شامل مؤلفه‌های جستجوی اینترنت- حضور در شبکه های اجتماعی ) و تجربه ( شامل مؤلفه‌های آزمون و خطا حین تدریس- حضور در محافل علمی خارج از مدرسه- بازخورد تدریس در کلاس ) .
The comprehensive development of education in any country depends on professional teachers; One of the most effective ways to educate teachers is to use informal learning. The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize informal teaching methods for high school teachers. The present study is objective in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of subject matter, applied-developmental in nature, and descriptive-analytical study. In this study, a combined approach was used. In the qualitative part, using exploratory method, in addition to open and central coding, the methods and informal learning method were identified and in the quantitative part, using the survey method, the current situation of informal teaching methods of teachers was identified. In this research, in order to gather information in the qualitative part of the semi-constructed interview tool with purposeful sampling (snowball) and the retest method and internal agreement, a topic was performed to calculate the reliability of the interviews and in a small part to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90. 349 teachers were estimated as a sample size by stochastic, random, multi-step method and using statistical determinants of the size of the population of statistical population (3724 people). Based on the research findings, 16 methods of acquiring competencies were identified, which were divided into 5 categories: discussion with others (including components of inferring from others' statements, learning through discussions and dialogue, informal verbal messages), interaction with peers (including project components). - Activity with others - Sharing experiences - Thought storm), Behavior (including components of imitation of others - Inference from the behavior of others - Admirable non-verbal behavior - Compulsory non-verbal behavior), Cyberspace (including Internet search components - Presence in networks Social) and experience (including components of trial and error during teaching - attending scientific out-of-school circles - classroom feedback feedback).
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