Designing an Operating Training Model: A Study Based on Grounded Theory
Subject Areas :
Morteza
Taheri
1
(Allameh Tabataba’I University)
Keywords: Training, Effectiveness of training, Transfer of Learning.,
Abstract :
This study aims to present an executive model for effective training of employees and managers in the Customs. To this end, the researcher developed an operating model for effective training in the Customs through conducting extensive interviews with the staff, managers and directors and the participants in the training courses and reviewing theoretical foundations and experience in training at the Customs and World Customs Organization. An analysis of the data in three steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding suggests that the personnel are involved based on organizational factors such as the nature of organizational task, social responsibility of the organization, and organizational dynamics; job factors including task sensitivity, task specialty level, and task fluidity; personal factors such as internal and external motivation in training and professional development. Their involvement in learning through thorough preparation, motivation for transfer, individual capacity for transfer, and effective performance. How to allocate budget, management support, management restrictions, meritocracy, and educational rules and manner of executing rules and laws provide a special ground for training strategies. Moreover, structural strategies including matching the structure with the process of training, creating an training complex, developing human capacity, needs assessment strategies; design strategies including content suitability, motivational mechanisms, instructional calendar, and transfer design; execution strategies including education timing, interpersonal methods, international and online training; and assessment strategies including testing, exercise, attitude analysis, assignments, and effective performance are affected by the organizational factors such as organizational position, structural factors and personnel issues. Research findings indicate that effective strategies for training in the Customs are in positive and constructive interaction with fundamental and environmental factors and will lead to positive effects and consequences such as improved quality of service, increased financial interests and ultimately, formation of a learning customs.
ابیلی، خدایار. (1394). مدیریت استعداد: رویکردی نو در مدیریت منابع انسانی. تهران: زبان امروز.
اشتراس، آنسلم و کوربین، جولیت. (1385). اصول روش تحقیق کیفی: نظریه مبنایی؛ رویه‌ها و شیوه‌ها. ترجمه: بیوک محمدی، تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
بازرگان، عباس. (1387). مقدمه‌ای بر روش‌های تحقیق کیفی و آمیخته. تهران: دیدار.
بعیدی مفردنیا، علی. (1388). نقش سیستم اطلاعات گمرکی (ASYCUDA) در یادگیری سازمانی و عملکرد گمرک. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی.
حجازی، سید‌یوسف؛ پرداختچی، محمدحسن و شاه¬پسند، محمدرضا. (1388). رویکردهای توسعه حرفه¬ای معلمان. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
دسلر، گري. (1386). مباني مديريت منابع انساني. ترجمه: علي پارسائيان و محمد اعرابي. تهران: دفتر پژوهش‌هاي فرهنگي.
رابینز، استیفن. پی. (1389). تئوری سازمان. ترجمه: مهدی الوانی و حسن دانایی‌فرد. تهران: صفار.
رضائیان، علی. (1393). تیم‌سازی در قرن بیست و یکم (مدیریت رفتار سازمانی پیشرفته). تهران: سمت.
زارعي‌متين، حسن. (1379). مديريت منابع انساني. مرکز انتشارات دفتر تبليغات اسلامي حوزه علميه قم.
سنگه، پیتر. (1390). پنجمين فرمان. ترجمه: كمال هدايت و روشن، تهران: سازمان مديريت صنعتي.
سيد‌جوادين، سيدرضا. (1380). برنامه‌ريزي نيروي انساني. تهران: دانشكده مديريت دانشگاه تهران.
عباس‌زادگان، سيد‌محمد و ترک‌زاده، جعفر. (1379). نيازسنجي آموزشي در سازمان‌ها. تهران: سهامي انتشار.
فتحي واجارگاه، کورش. (1376). آشنايي با آموزش ضمن خدمت کارکنان (مديريت و برنامه‌ريزي آموزش کارکنان). تهران: مرکز کل آموزش‌هاي ضمن خدمت.
قانون امور گمرکی. (1390). ابلاغیه قانون امور گمرکی به دولت. مجلس شورای اسلامی، شماره 180531.
قهرمانی، محمد. (1388). مدیریت آموزش سازمانی. تهران: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
گال، مرديت؛ بورگ، والتر و گال، جويس. (1386). روش‌هاي تحقيق کمي و کيفي در علوم تربيتي و روانشناسي (جلداول). ترجمه: نصر اصفهاني و همکاران، تهران: سمت.
حسنی، محمد و تیما، پریسا. (1392). بررسی نقش تعاملی پاسخگویی و خودکارآمدی شغلی بر رفتار شهروندی سازمانی و رفتار سیاسی در بین اعضای هیئت علمی. فصلنامه مدیریت دولتی، دوره 5، شماره 13، صص 110-89.
هرسي، پاول و بلانچارد، كنث. (1391). مديريت رفتار سازماني. ترجمه: علي علاقه‌بند، تهران: اميركبير.
Çınkır, Ş. (2007). Current issues about professional development and training concept and approaches. World applied sciences journal, 2 (4): 266-275.
Grossman, R., & Salas, E. (2011). The transfer of training: what really matters?. International Journal of Training and Development, 15(2), 103-120.
Hobson, A. J., Ashby, P., Malderez, A., & Tomlinson, P. D. (2013). Corrigendum to “Mentoring beginning teachers: What we know and what we don’t” [Teach. Teach. Educ. 25 (2009) 207–216]. Teaching and Teacher Education, 31, 68.
Holton, E. (2004). Implementing evidence-based practices: Time for a national movement?. Human Resource Development Review, 3 (3):187–8.
Khan, B. H. (2005). Managing e-learning: design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA, Information Science Pub.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. (2007). Learning and training evaluation theory. Retrieved From: www.businessballs.com.
Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. (2009). Student participation in university governance: the role conceptions and sense of efficacy of student representatives on departmental committees. Studies in Higher Education, 34(1), 69-84.
Noe, R. A. (2008). Employee training and development. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Noe, R. A., & Tews, M. J. (2012). Realigning training and development research to contribute to the psychology of competitive advantage. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(1), 101-104.
Pfau, B., Kay, I., Nowack, K. M., & Ghorpade, J. (2002). Does 360-degree feedback negatively affect company performance?. Hr magazine, 47(6), 54-59.
Phillips, J. J.; Brantley, W. & Phillips, P. P. (2012). Project management ROI: A Step -by - Step Guide for Measuring the Impact and ROI for Projects. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simons, R. J., & Bolhuis, S. (2003). Constructivist learning theories and complex learning environments. Oxford Studies in Comparative Education, 13, 13-26.
Walsh, J. H., Bilsborough, W., Maiorana, A., Best, M., O'Driscoll, G. J., Taylor, R. R., & Green, D. J. (2003). Exercise training improves conduit vessel function in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Applied Physiology, 95, 20-25.
Wenger, E., McDermott, R. A., & Snyder, W. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Harvard Business Press.
World Customs Organization. (2014b). WCO Learning and Development Activities, Empowering Members in their sustainable reform efforts. Retrieved from: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/capacity building/overview/ cb_re gional_approach.
World Customs Organization. (2014c). what-is-the-wco? strategic-plan, Mission, Vision, Goals and History. Retrieved from: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco.
World Customs Organization on behalfofthe international Customs community. (2014). Customs Capacity Building Strategy. Retrieved from: http://www.wco.org/ Capacity-Building.
World Customs Organization. (2014a). Learning and Development Activities: Empowering Members in their sustainable reform efforts.