ترسیم الزامات کلیدی توسعه شایستگی‌های مدیران: مرور نظام‌مند و تحلیل محتوای کیفی با تأکید بر کاربردهای عملی در آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی
محورهای موضوعی : همسوسازي استراتژي هاي يادگيري و توسعه با استراتژي سازمانمحمد احمدی 1 , مرتضی کرمی 2 * , رضوان حسین قلی زاده 3
1 - مدیریت آموزشی و توسعه منابع انسانی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
2 - مطالعات برنامه درسی و آموزش، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی،مشهد، ایران
3 - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کلید واژه: الزامات کلیدی, توسعه شایستگی‌های مدیران, مرور نظام‌مند, تحلیل محتوای کیفی, آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه شایستگی‌های مدیران از ارکان اساسی دستیابی به موفقیت و حفظ مزیت رقابتی پایدار در سازمان‌ها به شمار می‌آید. با این حال، بسیاری از برنامه‌های آموزش و توسعه مدیران به اثربخشی مورد انتظار نرسیده‌اند که یکی از دلایل اصلی آن، فقدان درک جامع و نظام‌مند از الزامات کلیدی این فرایند است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی الزامات کلیدی توسعه شایستگی‌های مدیران، با رویکرد مرور نظام‌مند اسنادی و تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شد. جستجوی نظام‌مند در پایگاه‌های گوگل اسکولار[1]، وب آو ساینس[2]، اسکوپوس[3] و امرالد[4] از سال ۲۰۱۵ تا ۲۰۲۵ و با تمرکز بر مقالات انگلیسی‌زبان دارای دسترسی کامل صورت گرفت. از میان ۲۰۲۷ مقاله شناسایی شده، پس از غربالگری و ارزیابی کیفیت، ۱۱۳ منبع مرتبط برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شدند. یافتهها نشان می‌دهد توسعه اثربخش شایستگی‌های مدیران نیازمند تمرکز بر چندین الزام کلیدی از جمله رهبری استراتژیک و هم‌راستایی با اهداف کلان سازمان، طراحی و اجرای چرخه مستمر برنامه‌های یادگیری، بهره‌گیری از روش‌های نوین آموزشی مانند شبیه‌سازی، کوچینگ و منتورینگ، ایجاد فرهنگ یادگیرنده سازمانی، حمایت از توسعه فردی و حرفه‌ای مدیران، تسهیل مدیریت دانش و انتقال تجارب، تقویت توانایی انطباق با تغییرات محیطی، و تمرکز بر ارتقای شایستگی‌های کلیدی مدیریتی و رهبری است. این الزامات در کنار هم چارچوبی منسجم، پویا و قابل ارزیابی برای طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های توسعه مدیران ارائه می‌دهند. یافتهها اهمیت نوآوری آموزشی، یادگیری مستمر و مدیریت دانش را برجسته کرده و می‌توانند راهنمای عملی موثری برای بهبود برنامه‌های توسعه مدیران باشند.
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The development of managerial competencies represents a cornerstone of organizational success and a maintaining sustainable competitive advantage. However, many managerial training and development initiatives have failed to achieve their anticipated effectiveness, largely due to the lack of comprehensive and systematic understanding of the critical prerequisites underlying this process. This present study aimed to identify the fundamental requirements for developing managerial competencies through a systematic documentary review combined with qualitative content analysis. A systematic search was conducted across major academic databases – including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Emerald – covering period from 2015 to 2025, focusing exclusively on English-language articles with full accessibility. Out of 2,027 initially identified articles, following rigorous screening and quality assessment procedures, 113 relevant sources were selected for final analysis. The findings revealed that effective development of managerial competencies necessitates concentration upon several cardinal requirements, including strategic leadership aligned with organizational macro-objectives, designing and implementing continuous learning program cycles, utilizing innovative pedagogical methodologies such as simulation, coaching, and mentoring, cultivating an organizational learning culture, supporting individual and professional managerial development, facilitating knowledge management and experience transfer, strengthening adaptive capacity to environmental changes, and focusing on enhancing core managerial and leadership competencies. These prerequisites collectively provide a integrated, dynamic, and measurable framework for designing and implementing managerial development programs. The findings underscore the pivotal role of educational innovation, continuous learning, and knowledge management, offering practical guidance for enhancing managerial development initiatives.
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